Tax Rules for Claiming a Dependent Who Works

1. Dependency Tests: The dependent must still meet the standard dependency tests set by the IRS, including relationship, support, citizenship, and income requirements. The fact that the dependent has income does not automatically disqualify them from being claimed.
2. Earned Income: If the dependent has earned income (such as wages or self-employment income), there is an income threshold they must meet to be considered a qualifying child or relative. This threshold changes annually and is typically lower than the standard deduction for single taxpayers.
3. Support Test: Even if the dependent has earned income, you must still provide more than half of their financial support during the tax year to claim them as a dependent. Their income may be used to cover their own expenses, but your support should exceed that amount.
4. Filing Requirement: Depending on the level of their income, the dependent may have a filing requirement of their own. Generally, if their earned income exceeds a certain threshold (which changes annually), they are required to file a tax return, even if you claim them as a dependent.
5. Tax Credits and Deductions: If you claim the dependent on your taxes, they are generally not eligible to claim certain tax credits (e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit) or deductions (e.g., student loan interest deduction) on their own tax return. However, they may still qualify for other credits or deductions, depending on their circumstances.

It's essential to review the IRS guidelines and consult a tax professional to ensure you correctly navigate the tax rules when claiming a dependent who has income. They can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation and help maximize your tax benefits.